Body Density Calculator
Enter your skinfold sum, age and sex to get body density and body fat percent.
Result
How it is calculated
The tool applies a Jackson-Pollock style quadratic equation to the skinfold sum S (millimetres) and age A (years). Men: density = 1.10938 − 0.0008267·S + 0.0000016·S² − 0.0002574·A. Women: density = 1.0994921 − 0.0009929·S + 0.0000023·S² − 0.0001392·A. Density is shown in g/cc and then converted with the Siri equation, body fat % = 495 ÷ density − 450. Anything other than female is treated as male. A sum of zero or less, an age of 0 or below or above 130, a density outside 0.9–1.15, or a fat figure at or below 0 % or above 75 % shows no result. The equation is quadratic, so it is only trustworthy for realistic sums; it is an estimate, not a lab density.
Worked example
A 30-year-old man with a skinfold sum of 60 mm. Linear term: 0.0008267 × 60 = 0.0496. Squared term: 0.0000016 × 3,600 = 0.00576. Age term: 0.0002574 × 30 = 0.00772. Density = 1.10938 − 0.0496 + 0.00576 − 0.00772 = 1.0578 g/cc. Body fat = 495 ÷ 1.0578 − 450 = 17.95%. The same 60 mm and age for a woman gives 1.0440 g/cc and 24.13%.
Common mistakes
- Entering a single skinfold or the sum of a different number of sites. The coefficients are fitted to one particular multi-site sum, so a one-site value reads as a very lean person.
- Using the male setting for a woman. The same 60 mm and age 30 gives 17.95 % for a man but 24.13 % for a woman because the constants differ.
- Entering the sum in centimetres. The equation works in millimetres, so 6 instead of 60 gives a near-zero body fat.
- Trusting very low sums. A sum of 5 mm prints 1.00 % body fat, which no real person has, so treat extreme values with suspicion.
- Pushing the sum to several hundred millimetres. The quadratic bends back (300 mm gives 46.17 %, 400 mm only 32.00 %), so very large sums are outside what it can model.
Sources
- Generalized equations for predicting body density of men — British Journal of Nutrition, 1978
- Generalized equations for predicting body density of women — Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1980
- Body composition from fluid spaces and density: analysis of methods (Siri, 1961 reprint) — Nutrition, 1993
About this calculator
Body density — mass divided by volume, expressed in g/cm³ or g/mL — is estimated from the sum of skinfold thickness measurements taken at several standardized body sites (this calculator uses the Jackson-Pollock 3-site equations), combined with age and sex, since these regression equations were built from population data correlating skinfold thickness with lab-measured density from hydrostatic (underwater) weighing. Once body density is known, the Siri equation (Body fat % = (495 / density) − 450), developed by physicist William Siri in 1961, converts it into an estimated body fat percentage.
Exercise physiologists, athletic trainers, and body-composition labs use skinfold-based body density and the Siri equation as a practical, low-cost alternative to gold-standard methods like DEXA scans or hydrostatic weighing, since a set of skinfold calipers is far cheaper and more portable than either — though accuracy depends heavily on measurement technique consistency, which is why trained testers typically take each skinfold site three times and average the results.
Add up the three skinfold readings, enter age and sex, and the matching regression equation gives body density, which the Siri equation then converts into body fat percentage.
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