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Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio Calculator

Enter albumin and total protein to get the globulin level and the A/G ratio with its interpretation.

How it is calculated

Both inputs are serum values in g/dL. Globulin is not measured separately; it is the remainder: globulin = total protein − albumin. The ratio is A/G = albumin ÷ globulin, shown to two decimals, and the albumin share is albumin ÷ total protein × 100. The result is labelled low below 1.1, within the usual range from 1.1 to 2.5, and high above 2.5. There is no result if either value is zero or negative, or if total protein is not larger than albumin, since no globulin would remain to divide by. The tool does not check units, so values typed in g/L are read as g/dL. Reference ranges differ between laboratories, so compare with the range printed on your own report.

Worked example

Take albumin 4.2 g/dL and total protein 7 g/dL. Globulin = 7 − 4.2 = 2.80 g/dL, shown as "2.80 g/dL". The A/G ratio = 4.2 ÷ 2.8 = 1.50. Albumin is 4.2 ÷ 7 = 60.00% of total protein. Because 1.50 falls between 1.1 and 2.5, the tool prints "1.1 to 2.5: within the usual reference range." With the same albumin but total protein of only 4.6, globulin would be 0.40 g/dL and the ratio 10.50, which the tool labels high: a cue to recheck the entries.

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Common mistakes

  • Entering g/L values (42 and 70) in the g/dL fields: the ratio stays 1.50, but the globulin is shown as 28.00 g/dL, ten times too large, and the unit check is left to you.
  • Typing globulin into the total protein field; total protein must exceed albumin, otherwise there is no result.
  • Swapping albumin and total protein, which leaves total protein smaller than albumin and returns nothing.
  • Treating a normal ratio as proof that both proteins are normal: both can be low together and still give a ratio near 1.5.
  • Rounding inputs coarsely (4 and 7 instead of 4.2 and 6.9) when globulin is small; a small change in the denominator moves the ratio a lot.

Sources

About this calculator

The albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio compares the two major protein groups in your blood: albumin, made in the liver, and globulins, a mixed group including antibodies. Since routine blood panels report total protein and albumin directly, globulin is worked out by subtraction (total protein − albumin), and the ratio is then albumin ÷ globulin — a normal result typically falls around 1.1 to 2.5, meaning albumin normally outweighs globulin somewhat.

A low A/G ratio can point either to too little albumin (seen in liver disease, kidney disease that leaks protein, or malnutrition) or too much globulin (seen in chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease, or blood cancers like multiple myeloma that flood the blood with abnormal antibody proteins), while a high ratio is less common and can suggest conditions that suppress globulin production. Because the ratio alone doesn’t say which side of the equation moved, physicians read it alongside the individual albumin and total protein values, and often alongside protein electrophoresis, to narrow down the cause.

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